On May 14, 2025, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced its decision to maintain the existing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in drinking water, originally established in 2024. However, the agency extended the compliance deadline for public water systems from 2029 to 2031. At the same time, the EPA proposed revoking the standards for four other PFAS — PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA (GenX chemicals), and PFBS mixtures — and has initiated a scientific re-evaluation process. To support implementation, the agency also launched a new technical assistance initiative called the “PFAS OUT Program.”

Background: In April 2024, the EPA introduced the first legally enforceable National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) targeting six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Hazard Index = (PFNA level/PFNA benchmark) + (PFHxS level/PFHxS benchmark) + (GenX level/GenX benchmark) + (PFBS level/PFBS benchmark)

Key Compliance Requirements

· Initial Monitoring: Public water systems must complete initial PFAS monitoring by 2027 and communicate findings to consumers.

· Mitigation Measures: Systems exceeding the established Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) must implement mitigation plans by 2029.

· Post-2029 Violations: Any violations after 2029 will require corrective action and public notification.

Policy Updates

1. Extended Compliance Timeline for PFOA/PFOS The EPA has reaffirmed the 4 ppt MCLs for PFOA and PFOS, but is proposing an extension of the

compliance deadline to 2031 (originally set for 2029), citing operational challenges faced by water utilities. A draft rule is expected in Fall 2025, with finalization targeted for Spring 2026.

2. Proposed Revisions to Four PFAS Standards The EPA has initiated the process to revoke the MCLs for PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA (GenX chemicals), and PFBS mixtures due to procedural requirements under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The current MCLs for PFOA and PFOS will remain unchanged.

3. Launch of the PFAS OUT Program

To support water systems, especially in rural and underserved communities, the EPA has introduced the PFAS OUT Program, which includes:

· Free technical assistance, including water sampling, system design guidance, operator training, and help with funding applications

· $1 billion in infrastructure funding through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for PFAS-related mitigation

· Collaborative partnerships with technology developers, state agencies, and tribal governments to promote cost-effective solutions

Analysis

This policy update reflects the complexity and evolving nature of PFAS regulation. While the extended compliance deadlines and enhanced support programs show a commitment to practical implementation, the proposed revocation of four PFAS MCLs may raise public concern about regulatory consistency and the pace of action on emerging contaminants.

Stay ahead in sustainability compliance with Global PCCS —where expert insights meet the latest regulations. Unlock a future where compliance fuels sustainability, helping your business thrive in a greener, well-regulated world. For more information, contact us at info@globalpccs.com